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Date: Sat, 13 Aug 94 23:58:57 PDT From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <info-hams@ucsd.edu> Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu Precedence: Bulk Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #912 To: Info-Hams Info-Hams Digest Sat, 13 Aug 94 Volume 94 : Issue 912 Today's Topics: #338 SOLVING THE IMPOSSIBLE 1/2 Bul337-Why Packet Radio? Daily Summary of Solar Geophysical Activity for 07 August faisyn20.zip - Electronic Filter Synthesis Program Installation in Nissan pickup? RB 336 EMA /Volunteer Partnership RB338 EMA Assistance Available RFI to a smoke detector What does "beverage" mean? Which code learning method? Why? Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu> Send subscription requests to: <Info-Hams-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu> Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams". We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 14 Aug 94 03:45:03 GMT From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu Subject: #338 SOLVING THE IMPOSSIBLE 1/2 To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Bid: $RACESBUL.339 Subject: #338 SOLVING THE IMPOSSIBLE 1/2 From: W6WWW@KD6XZ.#NOCAL.CA.USA.NOAM To : RACES@ALLUS TO: ALL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCIES VIA AMATEUR RADIO INFO: ALL COMMUNICATIONS VOLUNTEERS IN GOVERNMENT SERVICE INFO: ALL AMATEURS U.S (@USA: INFORMATION), CAP, MARS. FROM: CA GOVERNORS OFFICE OF EMERGENCY SERVICES (W6SIG@WA6NWE.CA) PH: 916-262-1600, 2800 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA 95832. Landline BBS, 916-262-1657 (Open to all). Internet crm@oes.ca.gov or seh@oes.ca.gov Bulletin 339 MGT - Solving the Impossible 1/2 Release date: August 15, l994 Experience can be a very hard teacher at times. One such experience that leaves a lasting impression on emergency personnel is that there is never sufficient communications capability in a major disaster situation, especially in the earliest stages. As a result, forward looking government emergency response agencies have learned to use trained volunteer communicators to supplement their full time resources from the onset of the situation, just as they do volunteer fire and law enforcement personnel. However, a major principal involved in this process is that the effectiveness of the communicators is in direct proportion to how well they have been trained by and integrated as part of the parent government agency. The emergency communications reserve cannot be "created and then left to flounder". Its key personnel (the radio officer and assistants) must be thoroughly familiar with the day-to-day affairs of the agency. They are similar to other employees, albeit unpaid, in that they must know IN ADVANCE what is expected of them and how things are to be done. In an emergency there will be no time or personnel to bring them up to date on agency procedures, processes and expectations. Ideally, the only difference between the unpaid volunteer and the paid staff is the volunteer's unpaid status and the intermittent nature of their utilization. Although unpaid communicators are an expense to the parent agency (in that their familiarization and supervision involves both time, energy, space and equipment) in literally thousands of major emergencies the cost of insuring an effective reserve for the next major emergency is minuscule when compared to their often priceless contributions to an effective emergency response. They have made a hero of the emergency management agency in countless situations with selfless dedication to providing communications that was otherwise considered to be "impossible". EOM (CONTINUED NEXT WEEK) ----------------- RACES Bulletins are archived on the Internet at ucsd.edu in hamradio/races or in hamradio/packet/tcpip/incoming and can be retrieved using FTP. The opinions stated are those of the author of the bulletin and not the poster. ------------------------------ Date: 14 Aug 94 03:43:48 GMT From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu Subject: Bul337-Why Packet Radio? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Bid : $RACESBUL.337 Subject: Bul337-Why Packet Radio? From: W6WWW@KD6XZ.#NOCAL.CA.USA.NOAM To : RACES@ALLUS TO: ALL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCIES VIA AMATEUR RADIO INFO: ALL COMMUNICATIONS VOLUNTEERS IN GOVERNMENT SERVICE INFO: ALL AMATEURS U.S (@USA: INFORMATION); CAP, MARS FROM: CA GOVERNORS OFFICE OF EMERGENCY SERVICES (W6SIG@WA6NWE.CA) Ph: 916-262-1600 2800 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA 95832 Landline BBS Open to All: 916-262-1657 RACESBUL.337 SUBJECT: TEC - Why Packet Radio? RELEASE DATE: August 1, 1994 QUESTION: Is it important, or necessary, to have packet radio? RESPONSE: Yes, with packet radio (digital data) you can access a world of data you may never achieve in any other way. For that reason, it is recommended that every EOC and/or communications center have a packet radio terminal, which consists of a radio, a terminal node controller, and a digital communications terminal (computer) and printer. Once the unit is operational and accessible to a local bulletin board system (BBS), it can be left on all the time so that any traffic addressed to RACES will be automatically transmitted to unattended government terminals. A licensed Amateur Radio operator does not have to be in attendance to RECEIVE traffic. Also, keyboard-to-keyboard communication is quite usable in emergency and temporary communications systems where it can be accomplished either direct or through no more than one mountain top relay. A good volunteer communications unit can put such a relay (digipeater) where none normally exists for the duration of the emergency. A good communications unit is one that can establish an emergency system that is never dependent upon individuals or their call signs. The people may come and go but the system must stay in place until demobilization. Just make sure the system will remain intact for the duration of its need and that it is not dependent on the presence of a particular person. Packet radio has earned its highest praise during major incidents like forest fires, earthquakes, floods, etc. California State OES volunteers regularly issue one or more SITREPS (situation reports) daily to all affected agencies and jurisdictions. It is transmitted via the Amateur Radio packet system to all packet Bulletin Boards in the Western United States. Many fire departments, for example, rely on these updates. Necessary to the overall formula for success is a state emergency management agency committed to actively promoting, using, and providing ongoing management and leadership in the utilization of communications volunteers in government service. Unfortunately, not all states support and participate in this role. However, our experience proves that the cost is extremely low for the benefits derived. Packet radio communications has been just one of them. EOM ----------------- RACES Bulletins are archived on the Internet at ucsd.edu in hamradio/races or in hamradio/packet/tcpip/incoming and can be retrieved using FTP. The opinions stated are those of the author of the bulletin and not the poster. ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 7 Aug 1994 22:43:18 MDT From: lll-winken.llnl.gov!overload.lbl.gov!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!newsxfer.itd.umich.edu!nntp.cs.ubc.ca!alberta!ve6mgs!usenet@ames.arpa Subject: Daily Summary of Solar Geophysical Activity for 07 August To: info-hams@ucsd.edu /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ DAILY SUMMARY OF SOLAR GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY 07 AUGUST, 1994 /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ (Based In-Part On SESC Observational Data) SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY INDICES FOR 07 AUGUST, 1994 ---------------------------------------------------------- !!BEGIN!! (1.0) S.T.D. Solar Geophysical Data Broadcast for DAY 219, 08/07/94 10.7 FLUX=075.8 90-AVG=079 SSN=018 BKI=1000 0111 BAI=001 BGND-XRAY=A1.9 FLU1=9.0E+05 FLU10=1.4E+04 PKI=0010 1111 PAI=003 BOU-DEV=007,004,004,004,004,007,007,008 DEV-AVG=005 NT SWF=00:000 XRAY-MAX= B2.4 @ 2002UT XRAY-MIN= A1.6 @ 0940UT XRAY-AVG= A3.0 NEUTN-MAX= +003% @ 1620UT NEUTN-MIN= -002% @ 1110UT NEUTN-AVG= +0.5% PCA-MAX= +0.1DB @ 2100UT PCA-MIN= -0.4DB @ 1610UT PCA-AVG= +0.0DB BOUTF-MAX=55230NT @ 1439UT BOUTF-MIN=55199NT @ 1645UT BOUTF-AVG=55220NT GOES7-MAX=P:+000NT@ 0000UT GOES7-MIN=N:+000NT@ 0000UT G7-AVG=+080,+000,+000 GOES6-MAX=P:+130NT@ 1930UT GOES6-MIN=N:-026NT@ 2119UT G6-AVG=+110,+029,-006 FLUXFCST=STD:075,075,075;SESC:075,075,075 BAI/PAI-FCST=005,005,020/005,005,015 KFCST=1122 3201 1222 3221 27DAY-AP=005,003 27DAY-KP=1100 2222 1100 1212 WARNINGS= ALERTS= !!END-DATA!! NOTE: The Effective Sunspot Number for 06 AUG 94 was 28.0. The Full Kp Indices for 06 AUG 94 are: 1o 2- 2o 2- 2- 2- 2- 1+ The 3-Hr Ap Indices for 06 AUG 94 are: 4 6 9 7 6 7 7 5 Greater than 2 MeV Electron Fluence for 07 AUG is: 6.1E+06 SYNOPSIS OF ACTIVITY -------------------- Solar activity was very low. Region 7762 (N05E04), a simple C-type group, is the only spotted region. The limbs were quiet. Solar activity forecast: solar activity is expected to be very low. The geomagnetic field has been at quiet levels for the past 24 hours. Geophysical activity forecast: the geomagnetic field is expected to persist at quiet levels for the next 2 days. A recurrent coronal hole-related disturbance is anticipated to begin on 10 August. Event probabilities 08 aug-10 aug Class M 01/01/01 Class X 01/01/01 Proton 01/01/01 PCAF Green Geomagnetic activity probabilities 08 aug-10 aug A. Middle Latitudes Active 10/10/40 Minor Storm 05/05/20 Major-Severe Storm 01/01/10 B. High Latitudes Active 15/15/50 Minor Storm 10/10/30 Major-Severe Storm 01/01/10 HF propagation conditions were normal over all regions. No changes are expected until about 10 or 11 August when a coronal-hole related disturbance should produce minor signal degradation for high latitude transpolar and transauroral paths. Some upper-middle latitude paths may also be affected, particularly on night-sector circuits. COPIES OF JOINT USAF/NOAA SESC SOLAR GEOPHYSICAL REPORTS ======================================================== REGIONS WITH SUNSPOTS. LOCATIONS VALID AT 07/2400Z AUGUST --------------------------------------------------------- NMBR LOCATION LO AREA Z LL NN MAG TYPE 7762 N05E04 111 0100 CAO 08 008 BETA 7761 S05W81 196 PLAGE REGIONS DUE TO RETURN 08 AUGUST TO 10 AUGUST NMBR LAT LO NONE LISTING OF SOLAR ENERGETIC EVENTS FOR 07 AUGUST, 1994 ----------------------------------------------------- A. ENERGETIC EVENTS: BEGIN MAX END RGN LOC XRAY OP 245MHZ 10CM SWEEP NONE POSSIBLE CORONAL MASS EJECTION EVENTS FOR 07 AUGUST, 1994 --------------------------------------------------------- BEGIN MAX END LOCATION TYPE SIZE DUR II IV NO EVENTS OBSERVED INFERRED CORONAL HOLES. LOCATIONS VALID AT 07/2400Z --------------------------------------------------- ISOLATED HOLES AND POLAR EXTENSIONS EAST SOUTH WEST NORTH CAR TYPE POL AREA OBSN NO DATA AVAILABLE FOR ANALYSIS SUMMARY OF FLARE EVENTS FOR THE PREVIOUS UTC DAY ------------------------------------------------ Date Begin Max End Xray Op Region Locn 2695 MHz 8800 MHz 15.4 GHz ------ ---- ---- ---- ---- -- ------ ------ --------- --------- --------- 06 Aug: 0533 0541 0547 B9.7 SF 7762 N03E28 0733 0737 0740 B1.0 1015 1019 1027 B1.1 1219 1223 1227 B2.2 SF 7762 N05E27 1240 1246 1253 B7.1 SF 7762 N05E27 2056 2056 2108 SF 7762 N04E22 2146 2152 2200 B2.4 REGION FLARE STATISTICS FOR THE PREVIOUS UTC DAY ------------------------------------------------ C M X S 1 2 3 4 Total (%) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- ------ Region 7762: 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 004 (57.1) Uncorrellated: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 003 (42.9) Total Events: 007 optical and x-ray. EVENTS WITH SWEEPS AND/OR OPTICAL PHENOMENA FOR THE LAST UTC DAY ---------------------------------------------------------------- Date Begin Max End Xray Op Region Locn Sweeps/Optical Observations ------ ---- ---- ---- ---- -- ------ ------ --------------------------- 06 Aug: 1219 1223 1227 B2.2 SF 7762 N05E27 Continuum NOTES: All times are in Universal Time (UT). Characters preceding begin, max, and end times are defined as: B = Before, U = Uncertain, A = After. All times associated with x-ray flares (ex. flares which produce associated x-ray bursts) refer to the begin, max, and end times of the x-rays. Flares which are not associated with x-ray signatures use the optical observations to determine the begin, max, and end times. Acronyms used to identify sweeps and optical phenomena include: II = Type II Sweep Frequency Event III = Type III Sweep IV = Type IV Sweep V = Type V Sweep Continuum = Continuum Radio Event Loop = Loop Prominence System, Spray = Limb Spray, Surge = Bright Limb Surge, EPL = Eruptive Prominence on the Limb. ** End of Daily Report ** ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 14 Aug 1994 03:18:22 GMT From: tron!sky700!diviney@uunet.uu.net Subject: faisyn20.zip - Electronic Filter Synthesis Program To: info-hams@ucsd.edu ***************************************************************** * * * INTRODUCING 'FAISYN' FILTER SYNTHESIS PROGRAM FOR MSDOS * * * ***************************************************************** faisyn20.zip Electronic Filter Synthesis Program FAISYN is a low cost, effective alternative to expensive commercial filter synthesis packages. The program has be used to design lumped element filters and diplexers from 10's of KHz to 1.5GHz and is the result of many years experience in filter design. Designers know that filter design is often an iterative process. Tedious number grinding is sometimes required to optimize a design. FAISYN eases the burden by allowing the designer to quickly synthesize a variety of circuits that can be simulated and compared using your favorite circuit simulator (FAISYN currently supports PSPICE-TM Microsim, MMICAD-TM Optotek and TOUCHSTONE-TM HP/EESOF circuit formats). Special Requirements: None Shareware. Faisyn was developed by: Kevin Faison Carriage House Engineering 16 W. Pleasant Hill Rd. Owings Mills, MD 21117 You can get FAISYN20.ZIP from one of the following sources: 1. I just posted a UUENCODED version (2-parts) to comp.binaries.ibm.pc 2. I have just uploaded the program to the SIMTEL collection. It should appear there, and on it's mirrors soon in /msdos/electric. 3. I tried to upload it to bode.ee.ualberta.ca, but for some reason it appears to be down today. Look for it there soon. -- ******************************************************************** * Tom Diviney diviney@sky700.bwi.wec.com * * Westinghouse Electric Corp. (410)765-6606 voice * ******************************************************************** ------------------------------ Date: 10 Aug 1994 10:07:36 -0700 From: enews.sgi.com!wdl1!ltis.loral.com!not-for-mail@ames.arpa Subject: Installation in Nissan pickup? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Does anyone have any hints on installing a 2m rig in a Nissan 4x2 pickup particularly with regard to where the Electronic Control Unit and the Electro Inject Harness are so that I can avoid running the antenna feed near these points? The preferred location for the rig itself is under the existing radio in the center of the dash. Thanks for any hints. Howard hlb@ltis.loral.com -- ------------------------ | hlb@ltis.loral.com | ------------------------ ------------------------------ Date: 14 Aug 94 03:42:53 GMT From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu Subject: RB 336 EMA /Volunteer Partnership To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Bid:$RACESBUL.336 Subject: RB 336 EMA /Volunteer Partnership RACESBUL.336 OPS - EMA /Volunteer Partnership RELEASE DATE: July 25, 1994 It takes an unusual volunteer to provide dedicated and competent service to emergency management agencies, EMA. Such volunteers must be ready to appear on short notice, stay at their assigned post and duties until relieved, be willing and able to travel where needed. They may even provide the necessary equipment at their own expense. They cannot be "amateurs" in the sense of pursuing a hobby. Instead they must devote a great deal of time and energy to become as proficient as paid staff. The agency they work with must be able to depend upon their availability when needed, their skill at assigned tasks, and their ability to mesh into the overall disaster response exactly as is expected of paid staff. Fortunately there are people, ready, willing and able to serve in such capacity. Such a pool of qualified volunteers is a resource, the value of which often becomes overwhelmingly evident when a major emergency threatens to exceed the capabilities of paid staff and equipment. Like any other resource, volunteers must receive adequate training, needed facilities, and the attention and general upkeep that is accorded any other resource. Recognition of the contribution to the tasks at hand should be as professional as anything else in the relationship. As with any staff, they respond to honest reassurance that their work is recognized and respected; however, their service will be quickly lost if they are merely tolerated, or seen as a nuisance. If the EMA makes a positive effort to integrate this nominally "free" resource, allocate time, energy, and people to use it to best advantage, provide its necessary resources, and develop it as they do with any other resource, it develops a relations hip with an open ended potential. It also extends agency capabilities in many directions while providing satisfaction to the volunteers for their time and efforts. Bill Musladin, N6BTJ, retired Chief State Radio Officer. ----------------- RACES Bulletins are archived on the Internet at ucsd.edu in hamradio/races or in hamradio/packet/tcpip/incoming and can be retrieved using FTP. The opinions stated are those of the author of the bulletin and not the poster. ------------------------------ Date: 14 Aug 94 03:44:19 GMT From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu Subject: RB338 EMA Assistance Available To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Bid: $RACESBUL.338 Subject: RB338 EMA Assistance Available From: W6WWW@KD6XZ.#NOCAL.CA.USA.NOAM To : RACES@ALLUS TO: ALL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCIES VIA AMATEUR RADIO INFO: ALL COMMUNICATIONS VOLUNTEERS IN GOVERNMENT SERVICE INFO: ALL AMATEURS U.S (@USA: INFORMATION); CAP, MARS FROM: CA GOVERNORS OFFICE OF EMERGENCY SERVICES (W6SIG@WA6NWE.CA) Ph: 916-262-1600 2800 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA 95832 Landline BBS Open to All: 916-262-1657 RACESBUL.338 SUBJECT: MGT - EMA Assistance Available RELEASE DATE: August 8, 1994 These bulletins serve multiple purposes both for the civil defense or the emergency management agency and the program participants. For the agency a major purpose is to assist it in the use of emergency communications volunteers as unpaid staff. How to best use them can be very satisfying. Having qualified extended staff (albeit it unpaid) can provide astonishing benefits to the agency and the community. Material and other assistance about this is available upon request. Assistance includes on-site seminars for local government, the emergency management agency and the program participants. Materials range from policy and guideline suggestions to actual emergency communications plan preparation customized to the local needs. A particularly valuable resource is the State OES manual "Establishing and Maintaining an Emergency Communications Reserve", which is based on the information bulletins to Emergency Management Agencies issued by the Auxiliary Communications Service from l985-1993. [Free to California jurisdictions. Others may request a copy with a $12 check payable to the State of California. ] For the program participants a major purpose is to discover how to function as "unpaid staff" of the agency alongside the paid staff; i.e., how to become an integral part of the agencies day-to-day activity. How to benefit both the participant and the agency by skills other than "just operating a radio", and the unheralded rewards and deep sense of a worthwhile contribution that ensue. With the expansion of Public Safety communications systems there is a real need for augmentation of staff (albeit unpaid) capable of providing maintenance and operation of these systems during extended emergencies. The use of Public Safety systems by program participants can range from augmenting 911 systems to the emergency installation, maintenance and operation of local government radios. One example of such an integrated emergency communications program is illustrated by the publication "State of California Governors Office of Emergency Services Emergency Communications Reserve, the Auxiliary Communications Service". How it is implemented and designed is set forth in the 1994 plan of the same title distributed to California counties and State and Federal agencies without charge. Others may request a copy with a $11 check payable to the State of California. Mail to Office of Emergency Services, ACS Program, Telecommunications Branch, 2800 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, Ca 95832. For more information call or write: Stan Harter or Cary Mangum 916-262-1600. ----------------- RACES Bulletins are archived on the Internet at ucsd.edu in hamradio/races or in hamradio/packet/tcpip/incoming and can be retrieved using FTP. The opinions stated are those of the author of the bulletin and not the poster. ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 13 Aug 1994 18:19:33 GMT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!agate!library.ucla.edu!csulb.edu!csus.edu!netcom.com!wb8foz@network.ucsd.edu Subject: RFI to a smoke detector To: info-hams@ucsd.edu gary@ke4zv.atl.ga.us (Gary Coffman) writes: >The standard treatment would be a couple of 2.5mH chokes in series >with the leads, and a .001 disc ceramic capacitor across the line. >However, if these are the type that talk to each other via carrier >current on the AC line so that all of them sound when one detects >smoke, you can't do this. The AC-powered/slaved detectors I have seen use a third signal wire to interconnect units. No idea what the format is, but I suspect it is really crude (raw 120vac?) & thus can be filtered..... -- A host is a host from coast to coast.................wb8foz@nrk.com & no one will talk to a host that's close...........(v)301 56 LINUX Unless the host (that isn't close).........................pob 1433 is busy, hung or dead....................................20915-1433 ------------------------------ Date: 12 Aug 1994 19:58:36 GMT From: library.ucla.edu!csulb.edu!nic-nac.CSU.net!charnel.ecst.csuchico.edu!yeshua.marcam.com!insosf1.infonet.net!news.i-link.com!news.sprintlink.net!news.infi.net!larry.infi.net!@ihnp4.ucsd.edu Subject: What does "beverage" mean? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu David Jenkins (djenkins@jetson.uh.edu) wrote: : I have seen other references to "beverage" in this group, but my : handy-dandy Random House shows only the usual definition for : the word. What does it mean in ham-ese? A Beverage is a type of long-wire antenna, called a wave antenna because of the specific type of interaction between the electromagnetic wave travelling in space and the induced wave in the antenna. Beverages work extremely well at MF (160-meter country) because of the low reflection angles that those frequencies have from the ionosphere. See also the ARRL Antenna Book, which devotes a significant amount of coverage to wave antennae. (N.B. - I always thought it was spelled Beveridge, but that's not the way it is in the ARRL book... oh, well, ya learn something new every day!) -- 73 de Mark -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Mark M. Plasket plasket@infi.net N4WQJ n4wqj@n4wqj.ampr.org (AMPRNet) n4wqj @ wd4miz.va.usa.noam (PBBS) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 13 Aug 1994 15:32:51 +0000 From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!news.cerf.net!gopher.sdsc.edu!news.tc.cornell.edu!news.cac.psu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!pipex!demon!arkas.demon.co.uk!Michael@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Which code learning method? Why? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I'm intrigued about the methods of testing CW proficiency in the US. Is there both receive and transmit testing? In VK, we sit both. The receive test is a straight copy-the-plain-language test. If you copy it with below maximum errors, then you pass. 73's de VK2ENG (in UK) -- Michael J Dower 'Quoth the raven, "Never more".' ... Poe ------------------------------ Date: 11 Aug 1994 15:28:16 GMT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!wp-sp.nba.trw.com!gatekeeper.esl.com!m32003.esl.com!user@network.ucsd.edu To: info-hams@ucsd.edu References <1994Aug10.103830.1@aspen.uml.edu>, <32bm8a$iu2@news.csus.edu>, <32bot3$45r@agate.berkeley.edu> Subject : Re: Which code learning method? Why? > > My exam used some variety of Farnsworth. > > The ARRL exams are as follows: > > 1A: 5 WPM at 16 WPM Farnsworth > 1B: 13 WPM at 18 WPM Farnsworth > 1C: 20 WPM at 22 or 23 WPM (can't remember) > > If you learn code Farnsworth, you'll have a easier time upgrading. Now for a newbie question. What is "Farnsworth"? I am very confused as to how something can be 5WPM _and_ 16WPM at the same time. I am thinking of getting a tech plus and looking into learning CW. How do I learn code Farnsworth? ------------------------------ End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #912 ******************************